Engineering management is an extremely important aspect of construction engineering, and a better management approach can greatly enhance the production profits of enterprises. Traditional management optimization schemes cannot adapt to current technological needs due to their inability to effectively consider the impact of each factor. Therefore, a construction management optimization scheme combining improved particle algorithm and multi-objective optimization was proposed. The improved particle algorithm enhances its performance by introducing adaptive weight and multi-objective optimization ideas. These studies confirmed that the predicted direct cost savings for the project were around 1 million yuan. The total construction period of project was optimized to 380 days, saving 34 days. The optimization technology not only reduced construction costs, but also reflected the problems that could be improved during this construction process. This study contributes to achieving multi-objective balance in the construction management process, effectively improving project efficiency, reducing project costs and risks, and providing scientific support for construction decision-making.