To solve the problem of conflicting objectives in project management in the construction industry and comply with China's energy-saving and carbon reduction policies in the construction industry, this study introduces carbon emission conditions into a multi-objective model and designs an optimization model for project duration cost quality resources. On the basis of the mixed shuffled frog leaping algorithm, this study applies an improved encoding method, a target anchoring mixed initialization operator based on heuristic information, a design constraint handling operator, discrete jumping optimization rules, and local mining of individuals in external memory for mixing and optimization, to obtain the final multi-objective optimization solution method. The research results indicated that after the performance dimension was improved, the research method could still maintain stable and superior performance. The average fitness values of the f1 function and f2 function correspond to 1.81*101 and 1.81*101, respectively. In practical engineering project management applications, compared with the mainstream mixed frog leaping algorithm based on multi-population improved firefly algorithm, the research method obtained a total project duration that was 20 days less and a total cost that was $13125 less. Only the quality level and resource balance index were slightly inferior, with decibels of 0.93% and 49. The results indicate that the research method can quickly and effectively solve multiple solutions, enhance the competitiveness of enterprises in the construction industry, and promote the green development of the construction industry.