As the economy develops with the continuous acceleration of modern urban construction, the demand for subway construction has been increasing. When constructing subway stations, the safety management of deep foundation pit support engineering is particularly important. To balance the absolute safety and economic benefits of subway station construction projects, the safety management of subway station deep excavation projects based on soil mechanics response simulation analysis is studied. Taking the deep foundation pit project of Wuhan Metro Station as an example, this study uses numerical simulation analysis technology and actual monitoring data to conduct in-depth analysis of the deformation of the deep foundation pit. Meanwhile, through finite element technology, the influence of internal support system structural parameters on deep foundation pit deformation in deep foundation pit support engineering is studied, and the parameters of the original support structure are optimized. Results showed that the maximum horizontal displacement of the original scheme reached 25.7mm, while that of the optimized parameter scheme was only 18.6mm, which is a decrease of 27.62% compared to the original scheme. In summary, the research on safety management of subway station deep foundation pit engineering based on soil mechanics response simulation analysis is important in promoting the development of modern urban subway construction.