The paper proposes a procedure for the conceptual design of reinforced concrete (RC) structures under a multiple load case (MLC), based on the truss-like topology optimization method. It is assumed that planar truss-like members are densely embedded in concrete to simulate RC structures. The densities and orientations of the reinforcing bars at nodes are regarded as optimization variables. The optimal reinforcement layout is obtained by solving the problem of minimizing the total volume of reinforcing bars with stress constraints. By solving a least squares problem, the optimized reinforcement layout under theMLCis obtained.According to the actual needs of the project, the zones to be reinforced are determined by reserving a certain percentage of elements. Lastly, a recommended reinforcement design is determined based on the densities and orientations of truss-like members. The reinforcement design tends to be more perfect by adding necessary structural reinforcements that meet specification requirements. No concrete cover is considered. Several examples are used to demonstrate the capability of the proposed method in finding the best reinforcement layout design.