Traditional risk modeling techniques, such as statistical and probabilistic methods, which form the basis of risk estimation and analysis, are not always economically or socially effective tools in construction. This is due, among other things, to the discrepancy between the planning period of a project and its implementation and sustainability. Static or dynamic methods of measuring the effectiveness of projects are commonly used, as well as operational methods to solve problems in specific decision-making situations. The inclusion of subjectivity and the lack of complete and precise information severely limits, and sometimes even prevents the use of traditional methods. Applying fuzzy set theory to model complex issues such as risk seems a desirable and justifiable measure in such a case. The application of fuzzy sets in construction is not a new issue. However, most research studies on the use of fuzzy systems in the construction industry have proved to be either too simplistic or too detailed, therefore fuzzy risk assessment matrices have been proposed. The proposed alternative risk assessment methods are based on fuzzy set theory while considering standard recommendations. The paper discusses basic information on design strategies for building structures taking into account standard recommendations for modeling and risk assessment in construction. An example illustrating the application of the proposed qualitative and quantitative risk estimation methodology to a bridge structure is also included.