Public investment is one of the important and decisive factors for the economic development process in Vietnam. It involves the government's investment in public programs, projects, and investment subjects. The medium-term public investment plan for the period of 2021-2025 needs VND 2.87 million billion, focusing on priority sectors that are important and key to the economy, including transport infrastructure. The budget allocated for the transport sector accounts for the highest proportion (42.9%) but the development of modern and synchronized infrastructure has not yet met requirements. Currently, the disbursement work is slow and encounters many obstacles, affecting the effectiveness of capital utilization. According to the report of the Ministry of Transport, the disbursement rate of transport works in the period of 2016-2020 reached 69%. Therefore, this article analyzes the current situation of disbursement in transport infrastructure construction through reports of State management agencies, previous studies, uses SPSS software to quantify the criteria affecting this work. Furthermore, solutions for accelerating the public investment disbursement in transport infrastructure construction are proposed.