In high-speed railway tunnels in China, shield tunneling often causes post-construction differential deformation, compromising driving safety and comfort. To address this, an integrated calculation model is developed, incorporating vehicles, tracks, tunnels, and surrounding rocks. The model evaluates the effects of cosine-shaped settlement deformation from shield tunneling on wheel-rail vertical force, wheel load reduction rate, and vehicle vertical acceleration, assessing train safety and comfort. The study examines three key factors: vertical clearance between shield tunneling and railway, horizontal angle of shield tunneling, and center distance of double-line shield tunnels. Results show that increasing vertical spacing enhances train safety and stability while reducing dynamic train-track interactions. Conversely, larger tunnel axis angles decrease safety and stability, with minimal additional impact beyond 50°. Increasing the horizontal spacing of double-line tunnels initially improves train safety and stability up to 24m, but further spacing reduces stability due to increased dynamic responses. These findings provide insights into optimizing shield tunneling parameters to ensure high-speed train operation safety and comfort in tunnel environments.